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Published with permission from the Federation Internationale de l' Automobile.

ARTICLE 19: FUEL
19.1 Purpose of Article 19:
19.1.1 The purpose of this Article is to ensure that the fuel used in Formula One is petrol as this term is generally understood.
19.1.2 The detailed requirements of this Article are intended to ensure the use of fuels which are predominantly composed of compounds normally found in commercial fuels and to prohibit the use of specific power-boosting chemical compounds. Acceptable compounds and compound classes are defined in 19.2 and 19.4.4. In addition, to cover the presence of low level impurities, the sum of components lying outside the 19.2 and 19.4.4 definitions are limited to 1% max m/m of the total fuel.
19.1.3 Any petrol which appears to have been formulated in order to subvert the purpose of this regulation will be deemed to be outside it.
19.2 Definitions:

Paraffins	-	straight chain and branched alkanes.
Olefins	-	straight chain and branched mono-olefins and di-olefins. Monocyclic mono-olefins (with five or more carbon atoms in the ring) with or without paraffinic side chains.
Di-olefins	-	straight chain or branched or monocyclic or bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbons (with five or more carbon atoms in any ring) with or without paraffinic side chains, containing two double bonds per molecule.
Naphthenes	-	monocyclic alkanes (with five or more carbon atoms in the ring) with or without paraffinic side chains.
Aromatics	-	monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic rings with or without paraffinic or olefinic side chains and/or fused naphthenic rings. Only one double bond may be present outside the aromatic ring. Fused naphthenic rings must meet the naphthene definition above.
Oxygenates	-	specified organic compounds containing oxygen.

19.3 Properties: The only fuel permitted is petrol having the following characteristics:

Property	Units	Min	Max	Test Method
RON		95.0	102.0	ASTM D 2699-86
MON		85.0		ASTM D 2700-86
Oxygen	%m/m		3.7	Elemental Analysis
Nitrogen	mg/kg		500	ASTM D 4629
Benzene	%v/v		1.0	EN 238
RVP	hPa	450	600(1)	ASTM D 323
Lead	g/l		0.005	ASTM D 3237
Density at 15°C	kg/m³	720.0	775.0	ASTM D 4052
Oxidation stability	minutes	360		ASTM D 525
Existent gum	mg/100ml		5.0	EN 26246
Sulphur	mg/kg		10	ASTM D 5453
Copper corrosion	rating		C1	ISO 2160
Electrical Conductivity	pS/m	200		ASTM D 2624

(1) The maximum RVP may rise to 680hPa if a minimum of 2% bio-methanol and/or bio-ethanol are included in the fuel.
Distillation characteristics:

At E70°C	%v/v	20.0	50.0	ISO 3405
At E100°C	%v/v	46.0	72.5	ISO 3405
At E150°C	%v/v	75.0		ISO 3405
Final Boiling Point	°C	210		ISO 3405
Residue	%v/v	2.0		ISO 3405

The fuel will be accepted or rejected according to ASTM D 3244 with a confidence limit of 95%
19.4 Composition of the fuel:
19.4.1 The composition of the petrol must comply with the detailed below:

	Units	Min	Max	Test Method
Aromatics	%v/v		35*	GCMS
Olefins	%v/v		18*	GCMS
Total di-olefins	%m/m		1	GCMS
Total styrene and alkyl derivatives	%m/m		1	GCMS

*Values corrected for fuel oxygenate content.
In addition, the fuel must contain no substance which is capable of exothermic reaction in the absence of external oxygen.
19.4.2 The total of individual hydrocarbon components present at concentrations of less than 5%m/m must be at least 30% m/m of the fuel.
19.4.3 The total concentration of each hydrocarbon group in the total fuel sample (defined by carbon number and hydrocarbon type), must not exceed the limits given in the table below:

% m/m	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9+	Non PONA*	Unassigned
Paraffins	10	30	25	25	55	20	-
Naphthenes	-	5	10	10	10	10	-
Olefins	5	20	20	15	10	10	-
Aromatics	-	-	1.2	35	35	30	-
Maximum	15	40	45	50	60	45	1	5

* Non PONA are components not meeting definitions in 19.2 and 19.4.4
For the purposes of this table, a gas chromatographic technique must be employed which can classify hydrocarbons in the total fuel sample such that all those identified are allocated to the appropriate cell of the table. Compounds present at concentrations below 0.1% by mass may be deemed unassigned, except that it is the responsibility of the fuel approval laboratory to ensure that components representing at least 95% by mass of the total fuel are assigned. The sum of the non PONA and unassigned hydrocarbons must not exceed 5.0% by mass of the total fuel sample.
19.4.4 The only oxygenates permitted are paraffinic mono-alcohols and paraffinic mono-ethers with a final boiling point below 210°C.
19.4.5 A minimum of 5.75% (m/m) of the fuel must comprise oxygenates derived from biological sources. The
percentage that each component is considered to originate from a biological source is calculated from the relative proportion of the molecular weight contributed by the biological starting material.
19.4.6 Synthetic hydrocarbons or mixtures of synthetic hydrocarbons, which have been produced from biomass, will be considered for future inclusion into Formula One fuel, provided that a suitable analytical procedure is available to verify their biological origin.
19.4.7 Manganese based additives are not permitted
19.5 Air:
Only ambient air may be mixed with the fuel as an oxidant.
19.6 Safety:
19.6.1 All competitors must be in possession of a Material Safety Data Sheet for each type of petrol used. This sheet must be made out in accordance with EC Directive 93/112/EEC and all information contained therein strictly adhered to.
19.7 Fuel approval:
19.7.1 Before any fuel may be used in an Event, two separate five litre samples, in suitable containers, must be submitted to the FIA for analysis and approval. 19.7.2 No fuel may be used in an Event without prior written approval of the FIA.
19.8 Sampling and testing at an Event:
19.8.1 All samples will be taken in accordance with FIA Formula One fuel sampling procedure, a copy of which may be found in the Appendix to these regulations.
19.8.2 Fuel samples taken during an Event will be checked for conformity by using a gas chromatographic technique which will compare the sample taken with an approved fuel. Samples, which differ from the approved fuel in a manner consistent with evaporative loss, will be considered to conform. However, the FIA retains the right to subject the fuel sample to further testing at an FIA approved laboratory.
19.8.3 GC peak areas of the sample will be compared with those obtained from the reference fuel. Increases in any given peak area (relative to its adjacent peak areas) which are greater than 12%, or an absolute amount greater than 0.1% for compounds present at concentrations below 0.8%, will be deemed not to comply.
If a peak is detected in a fuel sample that was absent in the corresponding reference fuel, and its peak area represents more than 0.10% of the summed peak areas of the fuel, the fuel will be deemed not to comply.
If the deviations observed (above) by GC indicate that they are due to mixing with another Formula One fuel, which has been approved by the FIA for use by the team, the fuel sample will be deemed to comply, provided that the adulterant fuel is present at no more than 10% in the sample.